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IC（integrated circuit）

Over and over voltage & tube management IC

  • An integrated circuit (RTHK calls it an integrated circuit) is a miniature electronic device or component. A certain process is used to interconnect the transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors and inductors required in a circuit and the wiring together to make a small or several small pieces of semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube shell to become a miniature structure with the required circuit functions; All components have been structurally formed as a whole, thus making electronic components a big step forward in terms of miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability. It is represented in the circuit by the letter "ic" (also useful word symbol "n", etc.).

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Integrated circuits can be divided into three categories: analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits and digital/analog hybrid integrated circuits according to their functions and structures.

Analog integrated circuits, also known as linear circuits, are used to generate, amplify and process a variety of analog signals (refers to signals whose amplitude changes with the time frontier). For example, the audio signal of a semiconductor radio, the tape signal of a tape recorder, etc.), and the input signal is proportional to the output signal.

Digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify, and process a variety of digital signals (meaning signals with discrete values in time and amplitude). Such as vcd, dvd playback of audio signals and video signals).

Second, according to the level of integration, it can be divided into four categories: small-scale, medium scale, large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits.

For analog integrated circuits, due to higher process requirements and more complex circuits, it is generally considered that the integration of less than 50 components is a small-scale integrated circuit, the integration of 50-100 components is a medium-scale integrated circuit, and the integration of more than 100 components is a large-scale integrated circuit.

For digital integrated circuits, it is generally considered that the integration of 1 to 10 equivalent gates/wafer or 10 to 100 components/wafer is a small-scale integrated circuit, and the integration of 10 to 100 equivalent gates/wafer or 100 to 1000 components/wafer is a medium-scale integrated circuit. Integrating 100 to 10,000 equivalent gates/chips or 1000 to 100,000 components/chips is a large-scale integrated circuit, and integrating more than 10,000 equivalent gates/chips or 100,000 components/chips is a VLSI.

According to the different production process, it can be divided into three categories: semiconductor integrated circuit, film integrated circuit and hybrid integrated circuit.

Semiconductor integrated circuit is an integrated circuit that uses semiconductor technology to produce components including resistance, capacitor, transistor, diode and other components on silicon substrate and has a certain circuit function. Membrane integrated circuits are passive devices such as resistors and capacitors made in the form of "membranes" on insulating objects such as glass or ceramic sheets. The numerical range of passive components can be made very wide, and the precision can be made very high. However, the technical level is still unable to make active devices such as crystal diodes and transistors in the form of "membranes", so the application range of membrane integrated circuits is greatly limited. In practical applications, most of them are active devices such as semiconductor integrated circuits or discrete components of diodes and transistors on passive film circuits to form a whole, which is a hybrid integrated circuit. According to the thickness of the film, the film integrated circuit is divided into thick film integrated circuit (film thickness of 1μm ~ 10μm) and film integrated circuit (film thickness of 1μm below) two kinds. Semiconductor IC, thick film circuit and a few hybrid IC are mainly encountered in the process of home appliance maintenance and general electronic production.

According to the different conduction types, it is divided into two categories: bipolar integrated circuit and unipolar integrated circuit.

Bipolar integrated circuits have good frequency characteristics, but large power consumption, and complex production process. ttl, ecl, htl, lsttl and sttl types in most analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits belong to this category.

Unipolar integrated circuit has low working speed, but high input impedance, low power consumption, simple production process, and easy large-scale integration, and its main product is mos integrated circuit. mos circuit is divided into nmos, pmos, cmos type.

(1) nmos integrated circuit is an integrated circuit composed of N-channel mos devices on semiconductor silicon chips; It is the electrons that conduct electricity.

(2) pmos type is an integrated circuit composed of P-channel mos devices on semiconductor silicon wafers; It is the holes that conduct electricity.

(3) cmos type is an integrated circuit composed of complementary nmos transistor and pmos transistor called complementary mos integrated circuit, simply written as cmos integrated circuit.

Five, according to the use can be divided into television integrated circuit, audio integrated circuit, DVD player integrated circuit, video recorder integrated circuit, computer (microcomputer) integrated circuit, electronic organ integrated circuit, communication integrated circuit, camera integrated circuit, remote control integrated circuit, language integrated circuit, alarm integrated circuit and various application-specific integrated circuit.

1. Integrated circuits for television include line, field scanning integrated circuit, intermediate amplifier integrated circuit, sound integrated circuit, color decoding integrated circuit, av/tv conversion integrated circuit, switching power supply integrated circuit, remote control integrated circuit, beauty decoding integrated circuit, picture in picture processing integrated circuit, microprocessor (cpu) integrated circuit, memory integrated circuit, etc.

2. Audio ics include am/fm high IF circuit, stereo decoding circuit, audio preamplifier circuit, audio operation amplifier integrated circuit, audio power amplifier integrated circuit, surround sound processing integrated circuit, level drive integrated circuit, electronic volume control integrated circuit, delay reverberation integrated circuit, electronic switch integrated circuit, etc.

3. Integrated circuits for DVD players include system control integrated circuit, video coding integrated circuit, mpeg decoding integrated circuit, audio signal processing integrated circuit, sound effect integrated circuit, rf signal processing integrated circuit, digital signal processing integrated circuit, servo integrated circuit, motor drive integrated circuit, etc.

4. Video recorder integrated circuit has system control integrated circuit, servo integrated circuit, drive integrated circuit, audio processing integrated circuit, video processing integrated circuit.

Six, according to the application field can be divided into standard general integrated circuit and application-specific integrated circuit.

Seven, according to the shape can be divided into round (metal shell transistor package type, generally suitable for high-power), flat type (good stability, small size) and double in-line plug-in type.